EUR-Charts

The following entry, previously called “Hardcore restrictions”, should read:

[…]

Restrictions of competition “by object”                                                                          C13 30
Where a conduct is characterised as a _ restriction of competition “by object”, it will not be exempt under the de minimis rule even if the undertakings concerned do not reach the relevant thresholds.

[…]

 

Add the following entry:

[…]

5    Private enforcement

Private enforcement            C56     72a

Private enforcement of EU competition law means legal action brought by a private party, under national law and before a national court, including, in particular, actions for damages and for injunctive relief. Private enforcement may relate to EU competition law on undertakings as well as on state aid.