EUR-Charts

The box in the fifth row at the left hand side must read:

Duty of the national court to interpret the national law, as far as possible, in the light of EU law. This requires a certain flexibility within the national law (i.e. room for interpretation).

• Von Colson and Kamann (1984), Marleasing (1990), based on Art. 288 TFEU and Art. 4 TEU, in relation to what was then EEC law;
• Pupino (2005), based on the EU’s obligation to respect fundamental rights, in relation to what was then EU law (third pillar). Duty of the Member States to compensate for damage caused by national law infringing EU law. No explicit Treaty provision, based on case law: Francovich (1991).